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Gray Marine Motor Company was an important marine engine builder located in Detroit, Michigan. Gray Marine and its forerunners produced many motors for agriculture, automotive, industrial, and military applications, including US landing craft during World War II. Gray Marine became part of Continental Motors Company in 1944. Gray Marine continued to produce marine engines mostly by marinizing automotive (AMC, Buick,+) engines until its closure by Continental in 1967^?.

History

In 1892, O J Mulford, W A Pungs, and a Mr. Seymour formed the Michigan Yacht and Power Company in Detroit, Michigan. They made small power boats and were distributors of the Sintz marine engines. In 1902, Michigan Yacht and Power Company purchased the Sintz Gas Engine Company and moved it from Springfield, Ohio to Detroit. Consequently, Sintz was absorbed into MYPC and ceased to exist as its own entity. This new company was named the Pungs-Finch Auto and Gas Engine Company in 1904. Pungs bought out his partner O. J. Mulford, who departed and established the Gray Marine Motor Company in 1905 with himself as president, Paul Gray as vice-president, and David Gray as secretary-treasurer. They began with a line of single-cylinder two-cycle engine designs and then expanded into bigger multi-cylinder engine designs.

In 1909, Gray Marine was purchased by United States Motor Company and Mulford became vice-president of US Motor. At the time of the sale, Gray Marine was building about seven thousand engines a year. Unfortunately, US Motor went bankrupt the next year. With $160,000 of investment by others, Mulford purchased Gray Marine, calling it Gray Motor Company, without ‘marine,’ as he had automotive engines in mind. One of the investors was Charles King, who developed the King car with a 4-cylinder Gray Engine. Gray also built hopper-cooled stationary engines and by 1915, was also marketing a line of detachable rowboat motors badged “Gray” that they sourced from Blakely Engine Company who had Lyons Machine & Mfg. Co. build. Lyons had been established in 1912 by four former officers of Continental Motor Company. Gray Motors took over Blakely’s engine business in April, 1914 and was assigned Blakely’s gearless patents. Lyons filed for bankruptcy on September 26, 1914, but after reorganization, operated as Lyons Machine and Tool Company until 1989.

Some of the four-cylinder Gray engines were used in lifeboats during WWI, as well as on drainage pumps to pump out trenches in France. After the war, this engine was called the “Victory Motor”. These engines were also used by Traffic Motor Truck Corporation of St Louis, Kohler Truck of New Jersey, Panhard trucks, the Crow-Elkhart car and Prairie Queen tractors. While Billy Blackburn was manager, he modernized the Victory engine and called it the model X.

In 1921 Frank L. Klingensmith, William Blackburn (from Cadillac) and Frank F. Beall (from Packard) took over the Gray Motor Company, renaming it Gray Motor Corporation with $4 million capital, with the intent of competing with Ford. When F. F. Beall became manager of Gray, he further improved the X engine and named it the Gray-Beall engine, and then Z engine. Two models of Gray car were introduced using the Beall developed Z motor. The Z engine was a 12∼18 horsepower, 4 cylinder, L-head design that was said to resemble the model T Ford engine. They built 75,000 cars from 1922 to 1924. However, by 1924 the company was in poor financial condition and Mulford managed to buy back the marine engine division, naming it the Gray Marine Motor Company as it focused on marine engines. What remained of the Gray Motor Corporation ceased producing cars by 1926.

Some 3,000 model Z engines received by Mulford in the buyout were soon marinized and sold. In the later 1920s, Gray Marine began marinizing automotive engines including the Studebaker light six and big six, the Pontiac six and some Hercules industrial engines. At some point, Chris Craft took over the marinization of Hercules engines and Gray switched to Continental engines.

1936 was a big turning point for Gray Marine. That year Gray Marine began negotiating to build the marinized version of the new General Motors 6-71 Detroit Diesel. With this deal, Gray marine was poised to build a great many 6-71s for the war effort. By 1941, Gray reached a production rate of 100 engines per day requiring constant expansion into new factory space. Gray Marine supplied nearly all of the many 6-71s used in US landing craft during WWII.

Instructional “Cutaway” Gray Marine 6-71 Engine From the Training Ship Golden Bear

In 1944, two contenders competed for the purchase of the Gray Marine Motor Company. One was General Motors, which would make it their marine engine division. The other was Continental Motors Co. who wanted their own marine engine business. The better offer was accepted and Gray Marine was acquired by Continental on June 14, 1944 for $2.6 million with John W. Mulford (O.J.’s son) being made general manager of the new division. Over the following years, Gray Marine continued to produce marine engines mostly by marinizing automotive (AMC, Buick,+) engines until its closure by Continental in 1967±^?.

From Wikipedia/Gray.
From Wikipedia/Sintz.
From OldMarineEngine.com.
From CailleOutboard.com/Article1.
From CailleOutboard.com/Article2.
From CailleOutboard.com/Article3.

Vendor's Contact Information

Michigan Yacht and Power Company (Founded in 1892 by O. J. Mulford)
7600 W Jefferson Ave, Detroit, MI
^ O. J. Mulford had sold his entire interest in Michigan Yacht by 1905.

Gray Marine Motor Company (Founded in 1905 by O. J. Mulford)
45 Leib St., Detroit, MI (1907)
31 Leib St., Detroit, MI (190?)
496 (1916), 556 (1915), 1104 (19??), 3606 (1914) 6806 (1914) Gray Motor Bldg., Detroit, MI
2102 Mack Ave., Detroit, MI 48207 (Gray built new plant in 1917)
^ Acquired by United States Motor Company in 1909 (Bankrupted in 1910)
^ Re-acquired by O. J. Mulford in 1910 with $160,000 from investors & renamed ↓
Gray Motor Company
^ Taken over by Frank Beall,+ in 1921.
^ Near bankruptcy in 1924, O. J. Mulford managed to buy back the Marine Engine Division which he renamed ↓
Gray Marine Motor Company
6910 E Lafayette St.,Detroit, MI 48207 (Gray Marine purchased Northern car plant  in 1924)
^ Purchased by Continental in 1944.
^ Gray Marine closed by Continental in 1967^?.

From Brief History of Gray Marine Engines.

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Vendor's Offerings

Marine Engines

2-Stroke Cycle Models:
1-Cylinder: 2½hp, 6hp
2-Cylinder:
3-Cylinder:
4-Cylinder: 40hp

“U” Series Gasoline Engines:
1-Cylinder: 3hp, 5½hp
2-Cylinder: 6hp, 11hp

“R” Series Gasoline Engines:
1-Cylinder: “Sandsucker”.

4-Stroke Cycle Models:

“X” Series Gasoline Engines:
4-Cylinder: 40hp

“Gray-Beall” (Improved “X”Series”) Gasoline Engines:
4-Cylinder: 40hp

“Z” Series Gasoline Engines:
4-Cylinder, L-head: 12∼18 hp
Marinized “Z” Engine

L-Head Series:

F-4 Series
Models F124, F4124, F135, F4140, FA140, F162, F4162, FA162, F163, FS145, FS162, FS4145 are military engines that have very limited parts availability. F-4 series late models are F135 & F163.

F-6 Series
F170, F186, F209, F218, F226, F227, F244, F245, F6170, F6186, F6209, F6218, F6226, F6227, F6244, FS218, FS244, FS6218, FS6244 are military engines that have very limited parts availability. F-6 series late models are F227, F245 & F6227

Y-4 Series
Y69, Y91, Y112, YA112, IY112, Y4069, Y4091, Y4112 are military engines that have very limited parts availability.

GM 6-71 (2-Stroke Cycle Detroit Diesel):

Continental Engine Models:

TM (Gasoline) Series:
TM13, TM20,
TM27

TMD (Diesel) Series:
TMD13, TMD20, TMD27

Gray Gearless Detachable (Outboard) Row Boat Motors:

Gray Gearless Rowboat Motor w/Magneto.

From 1915 to 1918, Gray marketed a line of outboard motors called “Gearless” because instead of the typical ninety-degree gearbox, it had a curved housing that contained a flexible inner rotating shaft that connected the motor to the propeller. Gray sourced these outboards from Blakely Engine Company who had Lyon Machine & Mfg. Co. build.

From ΞSourceΞ.

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Specifications For Gray Marine
Inboard & Outboard
2 & 4 Stroke Cycle Gasoline & Diesel Engines

TABLE KEY:
MODEL: Vendor's Model Number Including any Codes, Prefix & Suffix.
^ CYL: Cylinder Orientation & Configuration - (Dash w/no spaces) Number of Cylinders: (example: "V-8")
^ ^ Cylinder Orientation: v... = Vertical Crankshaft (Pistons are always horizontal).
^ ^ ^ Horizontal Crankshaft: No Code = u… = Upright (Vertical). s… = Slanted (Inclined).
^ ^ ^ h… = Horizontal (Flat, Pancake). i… = Inverted (Upside Down: Crankshaft Up & Head Down).
^ ^ Cylinder Configuration: S = …S = Single Cylinder. I = …I = In-Line. V = …V = V Pattern (eg V-8).
^ ^ ^ Oo = Outward Facing Opposed Pistons (eg Boxer). Oi = Inward Facing Opposed Pistons (O-P).
^ B×S=DISP = Bore×Stroke=Displacement: …" = Inches. …mm = Millimeters.
^ ^ DISP = Swept Volume: …cc = Cubic Centimeters (cm³). …L = Liters. …ci = Cubic Inches (in³).
^ A-F: Aspiration-Fueling: Intake Air uncharged or charged - Petrol or Diesel Fueling.
^ ^ Aspiration: N = Naturally Aspirated. T = Turbocharged. TT = Twin Turbos. S = Supercharged.
^ ^ ^ …c = Crankcase Scavenged. …h = Crosshead Scavenged. …b = w/Blower.
^ ^ ^ …i = Intercooled. …a = Aftercooled. …A = Air Cooled Intercooler/Aftercooler (Charged Air Cooler).
^ ^ ^ …R = …r = w/RawWater (Seawater) Cooled Intercooler/Aftercooler (Charged Air Cooler).
^ ^ ^ …F = …f = w/FreshWater (Engine Coolant) Cooled Intercooler/Aftercooler (Charged Air Cooler).
^ ^ Petrol Fueling: C = Carbureted. T = Throttle Body Injection. M = Multiport Injection.
^ ^ ^ D = Direct Injection. …a = Compressed Air Assisted Injection.
^ ^ Diesel Fueling: M = Mechanical Injection. …d = Distributor Injection Pump. …i = In-line Injection Pump.
^ ^ ^ …j = "Jerk" Injection Pump. …ii = II = Integral Injector. C = Common Rail. E = …e = Electronic Injection.
^ ^ ^ …d = Direct Injection (into combustion chamber). …i = Indirect Injection (pre-combustion chamber).
^ POWER: kW = Kilowatts. HP = Horsepower. BHP = Brake Horsepower. MHP = Metric Horsepower.
^ @RPM = Power Ratings @ Revolutions Per Minute.
^ YEARS: Beginning∼Ending. Trailing "–" or "∼" without an Ending Date = Still in Production/Available.
^ ^ YYYY usually = Model Year. MM/YY = actual Month/Year.
^ ^ Vendors typically market products after production ceases, often until stockpiles are exhausted.
^ DS = Data Source: Click DS Link to view DS. ♦♦♦ = Summary of Data Compiled from Multiple Sources.
^ ^ DS's 1st Letter = Vendor's 1st Letter (example: F = Ford). Wik = Wikipedia. BD = BoatDiesel.com.
^ ^ DS's 2nd Letter:  ...d = Directory. ...w = Webpage. ...c = Catalog. ...b = Brochure. ...s = SpecSheet.
^ ^ ^ ...o = Owner's/Operator's Manual. ...m = Service/Repair/Technical/Workshop/Shop Manual.
^ ^ ^ ...p = Parts Catalog. …# = Serial # List ...h = History. ...y = Years Vended (History). ...f = Forum.
^ ^ DS's Last Digits: ...1,2,3,A,B,C,etc = Source #, Version, Revision (example: Fc1 = Ford Catalog #1).
Data: ⊗ = Data Not Available from Data Source. ¿... = ^¿… = ...? = …^? = Data Unconfirmed/in Question.

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HOW TO READ THIS TABLE

Each line displays the data available from the identified Data Source (DS). The data is displayed according to the Table Key above. Clicking on the Data Source Link will open a new window displaying that Data Source. Data Sources include Catalogs, Brochures, Ads, SpecSheets, Owners/OpManuals, Parts Catalogs, Shop Manuals and Articles. The Triple Diamond "♦♦♦" = Summary of data compiled from multiple Data Sources.

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⇒ Specification Table Under Development ⇐

NOTES:

1907 Gray Ad.

From OldMarineEngine.com.

1916 Gray Ad.

From OldMarineEngine.com.

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General Comments About the Website

FROM Donald: "This is an awesome website. I found the information that I needed right away from one of the over 20,000 free articles that you provide as a public service. I'm surprised that so much if this site is free. But I still signed up so I could access the thousands of expanded pages, interesting articles, and dozens of valuable programs! The member's library of books, magazines and videos that I can view online is really terrific! I understand that you and your staff are all unpaid volunteers. Please keep up the good work. And I commend you for your plans to add another 10,000 free informative articles over the next year. I'm thrilled to support you in this endeavor with my small membership donation. Thanks again for all your hard work."

FROM Huey: "I agree with my Uncle, I too have found the articles to be very enlightening. They say that it will take about 100,000 articles to cover the full scope that they have envisioned for the website. They have over 20,000 articles so far and that's doing pretty well, but it could take several years to get the rest. I also noticed that many of the Main Topic Pages and some of the article pages are still in the rough draft stage. I guess that they will fill in as they can get volunteers to work on them. But what I can't figure out is why anyone would spend the time writing informative in depth articles just to give away free to this website for publication? What's in it for them?"

FROM Dewey: "Well Huey, to me It looks like most of the articles on this website are written by very informed people, like boating instructors, boat designers, boat builders, riggers, electricians, fitters, marine repair technicians and marine surveyors. Writing such articles helps establish them as knowledgeable professionals. After all, this website was originally created by a school for marine technicians and marine surveyors. The website is growing in content every day. They even had to move to a bigger, more powerful server because the website's traffic has been growing exponentially."

FROM Louie: "I agree with everyone above. This site is quickly becoming the ultimate reference resource about every aspect of boats and ships for everyone from the beginning recreational boater to the seasoned professional mariner. I use the topic pages on the right sidebar to browse around the website. It's like a Junior Woodchucks' Guidebook for Boaters. Their Members' Library of over 300 popular and obscure books and over 200 magazine back issues that can be viewed online is fabulous. The Academy's magazine is especially informative. On top of that, there is the "Ask-An-Expert program for members where you can get an expert's answer to any of your boat questions. And a whole years membership is only $25. What a deal! I really love being part of this "Everything About Boats" community and help provide thousands of helpful articles free to the public. I think that I'll sit down right now and write an article about my experiences boating with my uncle."

FROM Scrooge: "You rave about this website like it was the best thing since sliced bread. Well, I think it stinks. Sure, it has a lot of good information for boaters, and they're adding more every day, but it will probably never be finished. Furthermore, I don't even own a boat. And I wouldn't have a boat even if someone gave me one. Boats are a waste of money and time and energy and money! They're just a hole in the water you pour money into. If you gave me a boat, I'd sell it quicker then you could say Baggywrinkle. Then I'd lock up the cash with all my other money so I could keep my eye on it and count it every day. Bah humbug."

FROM Daisy: "I'm just so glad that Donald got the boat so we and the boys could enjoy boating — together. And of course all of the girls, April, May, and June, love to be on the water too, especially when that is where the boys are. Oh poor Scrooge, boating is more fun then you could possibly imagine."

FROM Scrooge: "After seeing how much fun you all have on the water together, I regret that I didn't have that much fun when I was young. I've had a change of heart, and I'm giving each of you a Lifetime Academy Membership."

FROM Editor: "For those of you that have stayed with us this far, many thanks, and we hope that you found this little narrative informative. Your faithful support inspires us to keep working on this phenomenal website. We know that we have a lot more to do. Ultimately, we hope that we can help you enjoy the wonder filled world of boating as much as we do. We are all waiting to see what you have to say about this webpage article. Submit any comments via email To: Comments♥EverythingAboutBoats.org (Replace "♥" with "@"). Be sure to include this page's title in the subject line. Also, your corrections, updates, additions and suggestions are welcomed. Please submit them via email To: Editor♥EverythingAboutBoats.org (Replace "♥" with "@"). It has been truly amazing to see what we have been able to accomplished when we've worked together. Thanks to all those that have donated their valuable time and energy, and a special THANK YOU to all that have supported this cause with their membership donations."

Comments About This Particular Page

FROM Jorma: “Dear Sirs, Last year a well preserved runabout was found in central Finland. The new owner has started renovation of the boat and the motor. The hull is double layer, cross-glued with oiled canvas between the layers. The LOA is 7,35 and W  1,8 m. The boatyard was a well known company in Helsinki, Finland. They produced a lot of this type of motorboats and larger yachts as well. The boat was ordered in 1928. The motor is a six cylinder Gray, which has the label attached to. The model is Y40, and the serial number is 257-A. Is there any possibilities to define the year of manufacturing, or some other important features of this motor? Thankful for your help,

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