PATH: Boat Building & Refitting » Boat Equipment » Propulsion Machinery »
PATH: Refitting & Repair » DIY: Propulsion Machinery »

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DRAFT

ΞPIXΞ

Treatment

+
Fuels: Gasoline, Diesel, Bunker, Wood, Coal
External Combustion:
^  Steam Engines: Boilers, Multiple Expansion Reciprocating Piston Engines, Steam Turbines
There is such a thing as an external combustion engine. A steam engine in old-fashioned trains and steam boats is the best example of an external combustion engine. The fuel (coal, wood, oil, whatever) in a steam engine burns outside the engine to create steam, and the steam creates motion inside the engine. Internal combustion is a lot more efficient (takes less fuel per mile) than external combustion, plus an internal combustion engine is a lot smaller than an equivalent external combustion engine. This explains why we don’t see any cars from Ford and GM using steam engines.
More from HowStuffWorks.com
Thomas Newcomen, The Prehistory of the Steam Engine
Internal Combustion: Spark Ignited, Compresssion Ignited (Diesel), Hot Bulb (Semi-Diesel).
Animated Engines
Spark Ignited
Compression Ignited
More from Wikipedia
The hot bulb engine

British inventor Herbert Akroyd Stuart established the idea of the hot bulb engine in the late 1800s. The first prototypes were constructed in 1886. The idea was picked up by English engine makers Richard Hornsby & Sons. Production of the engines began in 1891 as the “Hornsby Akroyd Patent Oil Engine. The Hornsby Akroyd engine was a four-stoke model. In the United States two German immigrants, Meitz and Weiss, began production of a two-stroke hot bulb with Joseph Day.
By the turn of the 20th century the engines had reached their peak of popularity and were produced by hundreds of manufacturers. This was also the time when electricity generation was booming and the engines were used to power dynamos. Sweden was a heavy user of the engines (mainly for fishing boats), with more than 70 manufacturers, eventually taking about 80 percent of the market share by 1920.
The hot bulb engine was first conceived by Herbert Akroyd Stuart. The engine was later produced as the Hornsby Akroyd Patent Oil Engine. Hot bulb engines were legendary for running off anything that could “fit down the fuel pipe,” but they ran best with mostly unrefined fuels — like crude oil. The “hot bulb,” or “vaporizer”, being a part of the combustion process, needed to be close to the cylinder head. The hot bulb was used to atomize, or vaporize the fuel. The component inside the hot bulb engine that the fuel vaporizes against was called the Spoon. There are a few names for this, but the shallow bowl and elongated shape was most reminiscent of this morning-cereal-eating tool. Hot bulb engines use a blow torch to heat the bulb to combustion temperature. That means that they were already warmed when they started and were less affected by the cold temperatures.
A fuel nozzle, usually a small metered orifice valve, dripped fuel into the hot bulb. The fuel would hit the metal plate, vaporize, mix with air and ignite. A narrow passage connected the bulb and the cylinder. The expanding gases would shoot down the small passage and move the piston in the cylinder.
Gas engines use electricity to fire a spark plug and rotate the crankshaft to get the engine going. Hot bulb engines do not have this luxury. On a mild day — about 60 degrees Fahrenheit (15.6 degrees Celsius) — the bulb must be heated for anywhere from two to five minutes, and up to half an hour on cold days or on larger engines. This initial heat, developed with a blow torch in the early days and later through coil and spark plugs, vaporizes the first charge of fuel.
An operator spun the engine’s flywheel, the biggest and heaviest part of the entire assembly, (often weighing hundreds of pounds on even the small engines), by hand until the combustion process was going and the engine was up and running.
Once the engine was up and running the heat of combustion would keep the bulb hot enough to keep vaporizing fuel, and the engine would be largely self-sustaining. However, if the load on the engine dropped, or it was used in a very cold environment, the bulb would need periodic or even constant heating. While seemingly simple and reliable, hot bulb engines could be temperamental and had their fair share of quirks and challenges.
Hot bulb engines can run as easily backward as forward, so they often had a gauge that indicated the direction the engine was running. Hot bulb engines, because of timing issues, were best run at one speed and under one load. They worked best at slower speeds — like 100 rpm versus a diesel engine that would spin at 2,000 rpm. Hot bulbs use the same basic layout as almost all other engines and can run in the same fashion. They can be built as either two-stroke or four-stroke engines. At 12 percent, hot bulb engines were roughly twice as thermally efficient as steam engines, which could only achieve about 6 percent. The engines were perfect for many applications, but especially low-speed marine travel. The United States had its own manufactured version of the European hot bulb engine: a two-stroke hot bulb engine developed in the United States by two German immigrants, Meitz and Weiss. Hot bulb engines survived long after many people thought they would and saw their way clear until just past the end of World War II. Since hot bulb engines can use any fuel, are simple to operate, inexpensive and relatively reliable, some regions are still considering their use with locally produced bio-fuels.
More from Wikipedia
More from
More from HowStuffWorks.com
Hot start engine
This type of engine also used a blow torch to heat the vaporizing tubes, but these were mounted directly above the cylinders in almost the exact spot where the spark plugs would be.
Nikolaus Otto
^  Reciprocating Piston Engine Configurations: 2 & 4 Stroke Cycle. In-line and V, + ?? Others

Hemi – From HowStuffWorks
^  Rotory Engines
Wankel (Not a true Rotory engine as it does not rotate around a fixed axis, but utilizes a crankshaft)
Quasiturbine engine
^  Gas Turbine Engines, Jet Engines, Rocket Engines
^  Electric (with Batteries)
+

From ΞSourceΞ.

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FROM Dewey: "Well Huey, to me It looks like most of the articles on this website are written by very informed people, like boating instructors, boat designers, boat builders, riggers, electricians, fitters, marine repair technicians and marine surveyors. Writing such articles helps establish them as knowledgeable professionals. After all, this website was originally created by a school for marine technicians and marine surveyors. The website is growing in content every day. They even had to move to a bigger, more powerful server because the website's traffic has been growing exponentially."

FROM Louie: "I agree with everyone above. This site is quickly becoming the ultimate reference resource about every aspect of boats and ships for everyone from the beginning recreational boater to the seasoned professional mariner. I use the topic pages on the right sidebar to browse around the website. It's like a Junior Woodchucks' Guidebook for Boaters. Their Members' Library of over 300 popular and obscure books and over 200 magazine back issues that can be viewed online is fabulous. The Academy's magazine is especially informative. On top of that, there is the "Ask-An-Expert program for members where you can get an expert's answer to any of your boat questions. And a whole years membership is only $25. What a deal! I really love being part of this "Everything About Boats" community and help provide thousands of helpful articles free to the public. I think that I'll sit down right now and write an article about my experiences boating with my uncle."

FROM Scrooge: "You rave about this website like it was the best thing since sliced bread. Well, I think it stinks. Sure, it has a lot of good information for boaters, and they're adding more every day, but it will probably never be finished. Furthermore, I don't even own a boat. And I wouldn't have a boat even if someone gave me one. Boats are a waste of money and time and energy and money! They're just a hole in the water you pour money into. If you gave me a boat, I'd sell it quicker then you could say Baggywrinkle. Then I'd lock up the cash with all my other money so I could keep my eye on it and count it every day. Bah humbug."

FROM Daisy: "I'm just so glad that Donald got the boat so we and the boys could enjoy boating — together. And of course all of the girls, April, May, and June, love to be on the water too, especially when that is where the boys are. Oh poor Scrooge, boating is more fun then you could possibly imagine."

FROM Scrooge: "After seeing how much fun you all have on the water together, I regret that I didn't have that much fun when I was young. I've had a change of heart, and I'm giving each of you a Lifetime Academy Membership."

FROM Editor: "For those of you that have stayed with us this far, many thanks, and we hope that you found this little narrative informative. Your faithful support inspires us to keep working on this phenomenal website. We know that we have a lot more to do. Ultimately, we hope that we can help you enjoy the wonder filled world of boating as much as we do. We are all waiting to see what you have to say about this webpage article. Submit any comments via email To: Comments♥EverythingAboutBoats.org (Replace "♥" with "@"). Be sure to include this page's title in the subject line. Also, your corrections, updates, additions and suggestions are welcomed. Please submit them via email To: Editor♥EverythingAboutBoats.org (Replace "♥" with "@"). It has been truly amazing to see what we have been able to accomplished when we've worked together. Thanks to all those that have donated their valuable time and energy, and a special THANK YOU to all that have supported this cause with their membership donations."

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